Patients with MS showed a two-fold decrease in transcript levels of TNFA in response to TLR3 stimulation (median ± 25% to 75% interquartile range = 0.9 ± 0.4 to 1.0 versus 1.8 ± 1.1 to 1.9 relative expression; P <0.05) as compared to healthy donors (Figure 1C), but not after TLR7, 8 or 9 stimulation. Here, TLR7 is linked to myeloid sarcoma.