GZMB and cancer: Among the significant canonical pathways identified by IPA in leiomyoma from older black women (more likely to be growing) compared to leiomyoma from older white women (more likely to be non-growing) were interferon signaling and retinoic acid mediated apoptosis signaling, granzyme B signaling, and RIG-1 pathways associated with a variety of early immune-mediated responses as well as stem cell and cancer cell survival responses (Table 5).