In contrast with the conclusions from the rodent CRC models, these data suggested a protective, antineoplastic role of IL-4Rα-dependent signalling during AOM-induced initiation of colorectal carcinogenesis in BALB/c mice, but stopped short of determining the individual roles of the T helper 2 cytokines and the IL-4Rs in protection from carcinogen-induced carcinogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene IL4R and colorectal carcinoma.