TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: The character of the cells mediating innate immunity such as neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are changed and abnormal mucosal T helper (Th) cell response and over expression of cytokines such as TNF-α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-12 as well as IL-6 were found in patients with IBD [11,12].