CD4 and HIV infectious disease: The inhibition of HIV infection did not result from cytotoxicity or inhibition of T cell activation by genistein; when resting CD4 T cells were similarly treated with genistein and activated with CD3/CD28 beads, we did not observe inhibition of T cells activation at all the dosages tested, as judged by the upregulation of the CD25 and CD69 surface receptors (Figure 1G).