Their literature search identified, in addition to HLA genetic variants, genes encoding interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-12 A and B, interferon-γ, interleukin-10, cytotoxic t-Lymphocyte antigen-4, p53, BRCA1, and LAMB3 as genes associated with persistent HPV infection and progression to cervical cancer [61]. Here, TNF is linked to cervical carcinoma.