Associations of IGF proteins with longitudinal trends in eGFR were analysed in mixed-effects regression models adjusted for age, gender, diabetes duration at study commencement, measurements of IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP1, IGFBP2 and IGFBP3, baseline concentrations of BMI, HbA1c and systolic blood pressure, and the use of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers during the study period. The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is diabetes mellitus.