BDNF and schizophrenia: Post-mortem studies have consistently shown reduced BDNF expression in the hippocampus and dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of patients with schizophrenia, two brain regions that are highly implicated in the pathophysiology of the disorder (Takahashi et al., 2000; Weickert et al., 2003; Hashimoto et al., 2005; Wong et al., 2010; Thompson Ray et al., 2011).