Our data shed more light on the issue, since we observed that Pg DNA is present similarly in UPIA and RA, it is found in the whole blood (of interest more in UPIA than in RA), more rarely in plasma and in the synovial fluid, but it can be found in the synovial bioptic tissue in one-third of RA patients. The gene discussed is JUP; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.