On the other hands, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been shown to be up-regulated in the diabetic kidneys that the up-regulation of TLR4 is associated with the TLR4 ligands AGEs and high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in diabetic nephropathy [10]. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.