Incubation of mouse hepatoma (hepa1c1c7) cells with ginsenosides (Rc, Rh1, PPD, F11) for 4 h increased CYP1A1 mRNA levels, albeit to a lower level than that induced by TCDD (Figure 4), but these data were consistent with the reporter gene induction results and the AhR agonist activity of these ginsenosides. The gene discussed is CYP1A1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.