TLR4 and necrotizing enterocolitis: Given that the development of necrotizing enterocolitis occurs almost exclusively in premature infants after they have received oral feeds, and given our findings that the development of NEC reflects increased signaling via TLR4 in the intestinal epithelium of the premature gut [3], [16], [18], [26], [33], it is exciting to speculate that a feeding regimen which contains a TLR4 inhibitor such as C34 may be of benefit in the prevention of NEC in this population.