Despite clinical parkinsonism, dopamine transporter PET and single-photon emission computed tomography studies reveal normal dopamine uptake (Brashear et al., 1999; Zanotti-Fregonara et al., 2008) and, unfortunately, patients with rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism do not respond to levodopa or pallidal deep brain stimulation (Deutschlander et al., 2005; Kamm et al., 2008b). Here, SLC6A3 is linked to Dystonia.