BRAF and melanoma: BRAF-activating mutations, which drive uncontrolled cell proliferation, are known to occur in 50–60% of melanomas.58 In the phase II study CA184-004, similar rates of objective response and disease control were reported with ipilimumab in patients with and without the BRAF V600E mutation,59 suggesting that ipilimumab has activity in advanced melanoma independent of BRAF mutation status.