The initial studies in patients with melanoma evaluated ipilimumab at single or multiple doses ranging from 0.1 to 20 mg/kg, either as monotherapy or in combination with IL-2,47 gp100 melanoma peptide vaccine,48 or chemotherapy.49 These studies documented objective responses with ipilimumab in patients with melanoma, which were durable in many cases. This evidence concerns the gene PMEL and melanoma.