TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Recently, additional genes have been implicated in ALS, such as TARDBP, which encodes for the trans-activating response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), FUS/TLS, which encodes the RNA-binding protein fused in sarcoma, and VAPB, a gene encoding the vesicle-associated membrane-protein-associated protein B/C, and animal models based on mutations in these genes have been developed [8].