Previous studies demonstrated that 1 month of diabetes decreases the retinal expression of synaptophysin [3, 35, 36] and that the antioxidant lutein prevented synaptophysin reduction and avoided increase in cleaved caspase-3 in the diabetic retina [3] suggesting that local oxidative stress has a neurodegenerative influence in diabetic retina. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and diabetes mellitus.