This study aimed to investigate the functional significance of elevated stromal Dkk-3 in BPH and PCa by lentiviral-delivered overexpression and shRNA-mediated knockdown of DKK3 in primary prostatic stromal cells and analysis of the downstream effects on proliferation, TGFβ1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and expression of angiogenic factors. Here, DKK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.