TP53 and cancer: We previously generated a series of E1B-55K deleted CRAds armed with different pro-apoptotic genes, such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), p53, and interleukin-24, and demonstrated that the combination of pro-apoptotic or tumor suppressor genes and viral oncolysis yielded an additive cytotoxic effect on cancer cells.