In fact, T1DM onset is related to pancreatic β-cells destruction by autoreactive T-cells and subsequent insulin deficiency leading to the metabolic alterations of the disease [9, 45], while the pathogenesis of T2DM involves primarily insulin resistance, rather than absolute insulin deficiency, deriving from metabolic alterations in insulin-responsive tissues and resulting in a complex alteration of lipid and glucose homeostasis [17, 18]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.