INS and Insulin resistance: Glucose: insulin ratios were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced in MHF and PLHF male offspring compared to control (CONT 2.5 ± 0.2, MHF 1.3 ± 0.1, PLHF 1.2 ± 0.1) and offspring exhibited increased insulin resistance using HOMA analysis (Figure 2(c)).