Since thioredoxin expression appears to be a link between ROS and RNS stress due to its ability to act as a chemoattractant for neutrophils, monocytes and T-cells [6], the presence of thioredoxin interacting protein partners in the tumor adjacent stroma detected by the thioredoxin-targeted nanodevice appears to indicate ongoing ROS and RNS stress and inflammation in fluorescent regions of the tissue sections. Here, TXN is linked to neoplasm.