No alterations were seen without infection in TNF-α secretion by macrophages (control: 10.75 pg/mL ± 1.98; propolis 2.5 mg/kg: 15.44 pg/mL ± 1.26; 5 mg/kg: 17.65 pg/mL± 3.22; 10 mg/kg: 13.15 pg/mL ± 0.92) or in the liver (control: 99.39 pg/mL ± 6.64; propolis 2.5 mg/kg: 122.19 pg/mL ± 3.10; 5 mg/kg: 122.03 pg/mL ± 13.61; 10 mg/kg: 64.12 pg/mL ± 7.17) (P > 0.05). Here, TNF is linked to infection.