Moreover, using human breast cancer cell lines, the authors showed that disruption of CtBP, by either gene depletion or calorie restriction to lower endogenous NADH levels, increased DNA repair and diminished both the stem cell-like and invasive attributes of the cancer cells thus establishing a clear mechanistic link between CtBP, cellular metabolic status, and aggressive features of breast cancer. Here, CTBP1 is linked to breast carcinoma.