CASP9 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Further studies demonstrated that curcumin-induced ROS generation decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential followed by downregulation of Bcl-2 expression, Bax activation, and release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, paralleled by the activation of caspase-9 and -3 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and NPC-TW 076 human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells [111, 112].