NFKB1 and inflammatory bowel disease: Previously we and others have shown that GrTP inhibited signaling pathways involved in inflammation, including NF-kB in intestinal cells (Yang et al., 2001) and in IBD models (Varilek et al., 2001; Oz et al., 2005) and activated protein-1, AP-1(Abboud et al., 2008), which are key elements in production of pro-inflammatory mediators.