Despite the small number of cancer cases, there is an epidemiological association of cancer rates in the setting of increased IGF-I levels but not of IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), resulting in a high IGF-1 to IGFBP-3 ratio (Grimberg and Cohen, 1999; Shim and Cohen, 1999; Cohen et al., 2000). This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP3 and cancer.