These results may suggest that the FOXP3 gene is involved in both inflammation and tumor pathogenesis or just the process of inflammation leading to neoplastic transformation; in contrast, nearly all HCC patients also had hepatitis B, so FOXP3 polymorphism may create a predisposition to CHB and cirrhosis, with HCC just a result of this predisposition. This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and neoplasm.