Five of the 16 maternal biochemical indicators analyzed, retinol (20 μg/dl = 0.70 μmol/L), alpha-tocopherol (500 μg/dl = 11.6 μmol/L), ferritin (15 ng/ml = 33.7 pmol/L), selenium (70 ng/ml = 0.90 μmol/L) and transferrin saturation (16%), have accepted cut-off concentrations used to determine risk of clinical deficiency in adults (Table 7) [35-38]. This evidence concerns the gene TF and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.