Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), first described in 1967 in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (Northway et al. 1967), is associated with fewer and enlarged alveoli, suppressed angiogenesis, lack of or insufficient production of surfactant proteins (SPs), and lung inflammation; however, impaired alveolar development and SP deficiency remains the main pathophysiological manifestation of BPD (Allen et al. 2003). The gene discussed is TFF2; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.