CSF3 and Stroke: At week 0, there were no differences in total apical spine density among the groups of the intact controls, stroke vehicle controls, and stroke SCF+G-CSF treatment (Figure 2) (one- way ANOVA: F(2,6) = 2.57, P = 0.16), indicating that the total number of spines in the peri-infarct cortex of the aged brain is not affected in the chronic stroke.