A previous study exploiting astrocyte-specific (hGFAP1-Cre) Tsc1 and Tsc2 knockout models reported that, although the two models were qualitatively similar in the neurological phenotype in terms of spontaneous epilepsy, progressive glial proliferation, impaired glial buffering mechanisms and hippocampal neuronal disorganization, seizures and some histological features were more severe in Tsc2 than in Tsc1 mutant mice and this was due to the distinct degree of mTOR pathway activation in the two models (Zeng et al., 2011). Here, TSC2 is linked to epilepsy.