TSC1 and epilepsy: Conversely, genetic inactivation of Tsc1 and Tsc2 in early embryonic neural progenitors such as NEPs (Magri et al., 2011) and RGCs (Way et al., 2009), respectively, resulted in very similar neocortical and hippocampal alterations, lamination defects, generation of enlarged cells, cell heterotopias, and epilepsy.