INS and Insulin resistance: We examined the association between vitamin D and traditional and novel biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease and found that it was inversely associated with insulin, insulin resistance, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-C, but not with fasting glucose, ApoA1, ApoB, CRP, fibrinogen, or homocysteine.