Tax regulates important signaling pathways, such as the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB), and Akt, both anti-apoptotic proteins which are currently being studied as possible targets for the treatment of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) (Figure 4B) [113]. Here, AKT1 is linked to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.