SMAD2 and carcinoma: Using A549 carcinoma epithelial cells as an in vitro model, we found that treatment with sorafenib in during TGF-β1-induced EMT resulted in a loss of active histone markers (H3K4me3 and/or H3K9ac) at the promoters of TGF-β1, Smad2/3 and downstream EMT mediators such as Snail and Slug (Figure 3).