Although diabetic vitamin D receptor knockout mice developed more severe proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis due to increased glomerular basement membrane thickening and podocyte effacement [7],the present study could not show that the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on uPAR is through the vitamin D receptors and this renoprotective effect might be an off-target effect. Here, VDR is linked to glomerulosclerosis.