This is not surprising as most mutations in humans that cause craniosynostosis (including mutations in FGFR1–3 and TWIST1) tend to occur in syndromic cases of craniosynostosis, although some reports have described clinical cases where mutations in FGFR3 or TWIST1 are identified in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis [53]. The gene discussed is FGFR1; the disease is craniosynostosis.