The proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, a prototypical NF-κB inducer and also a downstream target gene, is highly expressed in PCa, and the TNF receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 are also expressed at higher levels in the tumor epithelium when compared to normal prostate epithelium (Figure 2(b)) [64]. Here, TNF is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.