The second therapy approved is vemurafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, which has shown improved 6-month overall survival (84% versus 64%; P < 0.001) and significantly higher response rates (48% versus 5%; P < 0.001) compared with dacarbazine in a phase III study (BRIM3) of treatment-naïve patients with metastatic melanoma [8]. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and metastatic melanoma.