Intrahippocampal injection of a lentiviral vector expressing nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) was found to improve spatial learning in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease and Nrf2 gene transfer was associated with a robust reduction in astrocytic but not microglial activation as well as the induction of the Nrf2 target gene HO-1 (11). This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and Alzheimer disease.