Previous studies (18,19) showed that mutations in CBL, JAK2, MPL, NRAS, KRAS, RUNX1 and TET2 regions occur in MDS/MPNs; this may reveal the complex molecular characteristics of MDS/MPNs and give further indication of the different biological characteristics and prognosis of MDS/MPNs. The gene discussed is RUNX1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.