The present two-center prospective study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of three short-term, intensive insulin therapy procedures: CSII with fasting insulin analog aspart, glargine based MDI, and detemir based MDI in patients with established T2DM of a duration exceeding five years but poorly controlled by oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) or conventional insulin therapy. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.