GLIS3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: We next evaluated whether GLIS3 KD affects beta cell viability under basal condition or following exposure to stress signals that may be relevant for type 1 diabetes, namely the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β + IFN-γ or the viral by-product double stranded RNA (dsRNA) [18], [19], [21], tested here as the synthetic analog PIC, or for type 2 diabetes, namely the free fatty acids oleate and palmitate [13].