GLIS3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Pancreatic islets from T2D patients have a nearly 50% decrease in GLIS3 mRNA expression as compared to islets obtained from non-diabetic subjects (P<0.001; data re-calculated from [45] and confirmed by RT-PCR analysis of whole islets and FACS-purified human beta cells; Bugliani M, Marselli L and Marchetti P, unpublished data), but it remains to be determined whether this is a direct effect of the risk alleles on GLIS3 expression or secondary to chronic exposure to high glucose levels.