While plasma ANG-2 levels were linked to opportunistic illness (i.e., tuberculosis and very low BMI) in this population, the decrease in the plasma ANG-2:ANG-1 ratio after ART initiation and the association between plasma ANG-2 levels and HIV-1 RNA levels after ART suggest that HIV-1 itself can drive endothelial activation. The gene discussed is ANGPT2; the disease is tuberculosis.