In contrast, the carriage of at least one TGFB1 rs2241712 variant A-allele was found to halve the risk for centrilobular emphysema (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30-0.90), as was also the carriage of at least one MMP9 rs3918242 variant T-allele (OR, 0.51 95% CI 0.30-0.86) (Table 4). Here, MMP9 is linked to pulmonary emphysema.