TREX1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: The functional mutations of DNase I and DNase III in humans have also been associated with several autoimmune disorders, such as SLE (Yasutomo et al., 2001; Lee-Kirsch et al., 2007b), Aicardi–Goutieres syndrome (Crow et al., 2006), familial chilblain lupus (Lee-Kirsch et al., 2007a), and retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy (Richards et al., 2007).