The most extensively studied candidate is the gene coding for the oxytocin receptor (OXTR, for review, see Kumsta and Heinrichs, 2013), but other oxytocin pathway genes such as CD38 (Jin et al., 2007; Lerer et al., 2010), and the gene coding for oxytocin itself (OXT; coding for the precursor protein oxytocin-neurophysin-I), have shown associations with social cognition and autism (Ebstein et al., 2009; Love et al., 2012). The gene discussed is OXTR; the disease is autism.