With respect to IGF1R and its downstream signaling molecules, our group has showed that the small molecule TKI, NVP-AEW541 (Novartis), which has activity against IGF1R, can lead to cytotoxicity in mutant GIST cell lines, via AKT and MAPK signaling that is independent from KIT signaling. Here, KIT is linked to gastrointestinal stromal tumor.