A recent study by Fenton and colleagues, using a different approach with smad-3−/− mice infected with Helicobacter hepaticus as a colitis model [19], showed that inflammation severity and dysplasia was positively correlated with the amount of FO present in the diet, the reduction of CD8+ T cell frequency and the increase in regulatory T cell frequency at week 4 post-infection. Here, CD8A is linked to colitis.