RET and thyroiditis: As detailed in a report by Marlow et al, all four human ATC cell lines were established from tumors removed from ATC patients and were examined for the presence of known thyroid tumorigenesis changes, including mutations in BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, and HRAS; mutations in the RET/PTC1, RET/PTC2, and/or RET/PTC3 fusion-oncogenes; and any of the known variants of the PAX8/PPARγ fusion-oncogene [11].