TNF and neoplasm: First, because various pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IFN-γ, and tumor growth factor, all stimulate CRP production, survival, growth, proliferation, and the migration of tumor cells, elevated CRP levels may indirectly reflect the increased concentrations of these pro-inflammatory cytokines [8], [23]–[28].